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Relays

A relay is an electrically operated switch.

Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power signal (with complete electrical isolation between control and controlled circuits), or where several circuits must be controlled by one signal. 

 Many relays use an electromagnet to mechanically operate a switch, but other operating principles are also used, such as solid-state relays

A type of relay that can handle the high power required to directly control an electric motor or other loads is called a contactor

Solid-state relays control power circuits with no moving parts, instead using a semiconductor device to perform switching.

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